Nominal Frequency and Tolerance Under the correct matching of the oscillation circuit, the frequency output from the oscillation circuit is called the "nominal frequency". The frequency unit is generally expressed in megahertz (MHz) or kilohertz (KHz) In actual mass production and oscillation circuit applications, products will have some frequency dispersion errors relative to the center frequency in room temperature environment (25 ℃) The maximum dispersion value of the allowable error for this type of frequency is generally expressed in ppm (parts per million) or% (percent)

We provide testing board services, utilizing professional quartz crystal testing equipment to measure the frequency data of individual components at room temperature and after being integrated on-board. By comparing and confirming the errors between the two, we ensure that the frequency errors between the customers circuit design and the individual components are minimized. We conduct precise, professional, and meticulous measurements of the customers circuit boards, avoiding frequency deviations that may arise from issues with the customers circuit board applications and individual components.

VCXO (voltage controlled crystal oscillator) is a voltage controlled crystal oscillator that uses different voltages as control sources to adjust the frequency of the quartz resonator by tuning the voltage to change the capacitance of the capacitor diode. The oscillation frequency is determined by the crystal and can be adjusted within a small range by controlling the voltage. VCXO allows a wide frequency control range, with a tuning range of about ± 200ppm or even larger. Commonly used voltages include 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V, 5V, etc., with 3.3V being the most widely used.

TCXO noun explanation and principle application TCXO (Temperature Compensate Crystal Oscillator) is a type of temperature compensated crystal oscillator that reduces the frequency change caused by ambient temperature changes through an additional temperature compensation circuit. It is an active device and typically has a frequency stability of ± 0.5 ppm to ± 5 ppm throughout the entire operating temperature range. Due to its high frequency stability and small size, TCXO can quickly start at low currents, and its application areas have been expanded to mobile communication systems. TCXO serves as a reference oscillator to provide a frequency reference for the transmission signal and as the first stage local oscillator for the reception channel; The other TCXO serves as the second local oscillator and inputs its oscillation signal to the second frequency converter. The frequency stability required for mobile phones is 0.1-2.5ppm (-30~+75 ℃), but due to cost considerations, the commonly used specification is 1.5-2.5ppm.

VDS - Low Voltage Differential Signaling is a differential input/output system that utilizes terminal resistors (100 Ω) to form a small differential voltage of 350 mV. This differential voltage signal is suitable for high-speed data transmission applications and has better resistance to noise interference in wired data transmission. The small voltage swing can reduce power consumption on the line.

LVPECL terminology explanation and principle application LVPECL - Low Voltage Positive Emission Coupled Logic. Compared to typical CMOS oscillators, LVPECL products have faster rise/fall times and less noise interference, making them more suitable for applications with high sensitivity to interference noise (clock and signal transmission). Advantages of LVPECL output: 1. Able to drive long-distance power lines. 2. Ideal application in high-speed circuits. 3. Due to the high voltage swing, it has excellent jitter performance. Disadvantages of LVPECL output: 1. Incompatible 1.8V power supply. 2. Due to the high power consumption of differential output and external DC bias, single ended output is preferred.

The changes in electrical performance of the product at different temperatures.

Quartz crystal paired with circuit design

NXP is a newly independent semiconductor company founded by Philips, with a long history of fifty years. It mainly provides engineers and designers with various semiconductor products and software, bringing better perceptual experiences to mobile communication, consumer electronics, security applications, contactless payment and connectivity, as well as in car entertainment and networking products.

The resonance of quartz crystal resonators has three different defined and characteristic resonance frequencies 1. Series resonant frequency and parallel resonant frequency (fs, fp) 2. Resonant frequency and anti resonant frequency (fr, fa) 3. Maximum and minimum conductivity frequencies (fm, fn)